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塑料模具设计的步骤
一、接受任务书
1. Acceptance of a task book
成型塑料制件的任务书通常由制件设计者提出，其内容如下：
The task book of molded plastic parts is usually proposed by the designer, which is as follows:
1. 经过审签的正规制制件图纸，并注明采用塑料的牌号、透明度等。
1. the drawing of the regular system of making parts through the trial, and indicating the brand and transparency of the use of plastic.
2. 塑料制件说明书或技术要求。
2. specification or technical requirements for plastic parts.
3. 生产产量。
3. production production.
4. 塑料制件样品。
4. samples of plastic parts.
通常模具设计任务书由塑料制件工艺员根据成型塑料制件的任务书提出，模具设计人员以成型塑料制件任务书、模具设计任务书为依据来设计模具。
Usually, the mould design task book is put forward by the plastic part technician according to the task book of molding plastic parts. The mould designer designs the mould based on the plastic work part book and the mould design task book.
二、 收集、分析、消化原始资料
Two. Collecting, analyzing and digesting the original data
收集整理有关制件设计、成型工艺、成型设备、机械加工及特殊加工资料，以备设计模具时使用。
Collection and arrangement of parts design, molding technology, molding equipment, mechanical processing and special processing data for the use of mold design.
1. 消化塑料制件图，了解制件的用途，分析塑料制件的工艺性，尺寸精度等技术要求。例如塑料制件在外表形状、颜色透明度、使用性能方面的要求是什么，塑件的几何结构、斜度、嵌件等情况是否合理，熔接痕、缩孔等成型缺陷的允许程度，有无涂装、电镀、胶接、钻孔等后加工。选择塑料制件尺寸精度最高的尺寸进行分析，看看估计成型公差是否低于塑料制件的公差，能否成型出合乎要求的塑料制件来。此外，还要了解塑料的塑化及成型工艺参数。
1. digested plastic parts drawings, understand the use of parts, analysis of the technological requirements of plastic parts, dimensional precision and other technical requirements. For example, plastic products in appearance, color and transparency, the use of performance requirements is what, the plastic parts of the geometric structure, slope, etc. the insert is reasonable, weld line, allowing the degree of shrinkage hole forming defects, without coating, electroplating, adhesive and drilling after processing. The size of plastic parts with the highest dimension accuracy is selected to analyze the size of the plastic parts to see if the tolerance is lower than that of the plastic parts, and whether the qualified plastic parts can be molded. In addition, it is also necessary to know the plasticizing and molding parameters of plastic.
2. 消化工艺资料，分析工艺任务书所提出的成型方法、设备型号、材料规格、模具结构类型等要求是否恰当，能否落实。
2. digestion process information, analyze the requirements of the molding method, equipment type, material specification, mold structure type and so on put forward by the process task book, whether it is appropriate, and whether it can be implemented.
成型材料应当满足塑料制件的强度要求，具有好的流动性、均匀性和各向同性、热稳定性。根据塑料制件的用途，成型材料应满足染色、镀金属的条件、装饰性能、必要的弹性和塑性、透明性或者相反的反射性能、胶接性或者焊接性等要求。
The molding materials should meet the strength requirements of the plastic parts, and have good fluidity, uniformity, isotropy and thermal stability. According to the use of plastic products, molding materials shall meet the requirements of dyeing, metal plating, decoration, necessary elasticity and plasticity, transparency or reverse reflection, adhesive or weldability.
3. 确定成型方法
3. determine the molding method
采用直压法、铸压法还是注射法。
The direct pressure method, the casting pressure method or the injection method are used.
4、选择成型设备
4. Select the molding equipment
根据成型设备的种类来进行模具，因此必须熟知各种成型设备的性能、规格、特点。例如对于注射机来说，在规格方面应当了解以下内容：注射容量、锁模压力、注射压力、模具安装尺寸、顶出装置及尺寸、喷嘴孔直径及喷嘴球面半径、浇口套定位圈尺寸、模具最大厚度和最小厚度、模板行程等，具体见相关参数。
According to the type of molding equipment, it is necessary to know the properties, specifications and characteristics of various molding equipment. For example, injection machine, specifications should be aware of the following: locking pressure, injection volume, injection pressure, mold installation size, ejection device and the maximum thickness of nozzle diameter and nozzle size, spherical radius, gate set positioning ring size, mold and minimum thickness, template travel, see the specific parameters.
要初步估计模具外形尺寸，判断模具能否在所选的注射机上安装和使用。
It is necessary to estimate the shape and size of the mold, and determine whether the mold can be installed and used on the selected injection machine.
5. 具体结构方案
5. concrete structure scheme
（一）确定模具类型
(1) determine the mold type
如压制模（敞开式、半闭合式、闭合式）、铸压模、注射模等。
Such as the pressing die (open, semi closed, closed), casting die, injection mould, etc.
（二）确定模具类型的主要结构
(two) determine the main structure of the mold type
选择理想的模具结构在于确定必需的成型设备，理想的型腔数，在绝对可靠的条件下能使模具本身的工作满足该塑料制件的工艺技术和生产经济的要求。对塑料制件的工艺技术要求是要保证塑料制件的几何形状，表面光洁度和尺寸精度。生产经济要求是要使塑料制件的成本低，生产效率高，模具能连续地工作，使用寿命长，节省劳动力。
The ideal mold structure is to determine the necessary molding equipment, the ideal cavity number, under the condition of absolute reliability, can make the mold itself work to meet the requirements of the plastic parts technology and production economy. The technical requirements for plastic parts are to ensure the geometric shape of the plastic parts, the surface finish and the dimensional accuracy. The demand of production economy is to make the plastic parts low cost, high production efficiency, mould can work continuously, long life and save labor.
1. Acceptance of a task book
成型塑料制件的任务书通常由制件设计者提出，其内容如下：
The task book of molded plastic parts is usually proposed by the designer, which is as follows:
1. 经过审签的正规制制件图纸，并注明采用塑料的牌号、透明度等。
1. the drawing of the regular system of making parts through the trial, and indicating the brand and transparency of the use of plastic.
2. 塑料制件说明书或技术要求。
2. specification or technical requirements for plastic parts.
3. 生产产量。
3. production production.
4. 塑料制件样品。
4. samples of plastic parts.
通常模具设计任务书由塑料制件工艺员根据成型塑料制件的任务书提出，模具设计人员以成型塑料制件任务书、模具设计任务书为依据来设计模具。
Usually, the mould design task book is put forward by the plastic part technician according to the task book of molding plastic parts. The mould designer designs the mould based on the plastic work part book and the mould design task book.
二、 收集、分析、消化原始资料
Two. Collecting, analyzing and digesting the original data
收集整理有关制件设计、成型工艺、成型设备、机械加工及特殊加工资料，以备设计模具时使用。
Collection and arrangement of parts design, molding technology, molding equipment, mechanical processing and special processing data for the use of mold design.
1. 消化塑料制件图，了解制件的用途，分析塑料制件的工艺性，尺寸精度等技术要求。例如塑料制件在外表形状、颜色透明度、使用性能方面的要求是什么，塑件的几何结构、斜度、嵌件等情况是否合理，熔接痕、缩孔等成型缺陷的允许程度，有无涂装、电镀、胶接、钻孔等后加工。选择塑料制件尺寸精度最高的尺寸进行分析，看看估计成型公差是否低于塑料制件的公差，能否成型出合乎要求的塑料制件来。此外，还要了解塑料的塑化及成型工艺参数。
1. digested plastic parts drawings, understand the use of parts, analysis of the technological requirements of plastic parts, dimensional precision and other technical requirements. For example, plastic products in appearance, color and transparency, the use of performance requirements is what, the plastic parts of the geometric structure, slope, etc. the insert is reasonable, weld line, allowing the degree of shrinkage hole forming defects, without coating, electroplating, adhesive and drilling after processing. The size of plastic parts with the highest dimension accuracy is selected to analyze the size of the plastic parts to see if the tolerance is lower than that of the plastic parts, and whether the qualified plastic parts can be molded. In addition, it is also necessary to know the plasticizing and molding parameters of plastic.
2. 消化工艺资料，分析工艺任务书所提出的成型方法、设备型号、材料规格、模具结构类型等要求是否恰当，能否落实。
2. digestion process information, analyze the requirements of the molding method, equipment type, material specification, mold structure type and so on put forward by the process task book, whether it is appropriate, and whether it can be implemented.
成型材料应当满足塑料制件的强度要求，具有好的流动性、均匀性和各向同性、热稳定性。根据塑料制件的用途，成型材料应满足染色、镀金属的条件、装饰性能、必要的弹性和塑性、透明性或者相反的反射性能、胶接性或者焊接性等要求。
The molding materials should meet the strength requirements of the plastic parts, and have good fluidity, uniformity, isotropy and thermal stability. According to the use of plastic products, molding materials shall meet the requirements of dyeing, metal plating, decoration, necessary elasticity and plasticity, transparency or reverse reflection, adhesive or weldability.
3. 确定成型方法
3. determine the molding method
采用直压法、铸压法还是注射法。
The direct pressure method, the casting pressure method or the injection method are used.
4、选择成型设备
4. Select the molding equipment
根据成型设备的种类来进行模具，因此必须熟知各种成型设备的性能、规格、特点。例如对于注射机来说，在规格方面应当了解以下内容：注射容量、锁模压力、注射压力、模具安装尺寸、顶出装置及尺寸、喷嘴孔直径及喷嘴球面半径、浇口套定位圈尺寸、模具最大厚度和最小厚度、模板行程等，具体见相关参数。
According to the type of molding equipment, it is necessary to know the properties, specifications and characteristics of various molding equipment. For example, injection machine, specifications should be aware of the following: locking pressure, injection volume, injection pressure, mold installation size, ejection device and the maximum thickness of nozzle diameter and nozzle size, spherical radius, gate set positioning ring size, mold and minimum thickness, template travel, see the specific parameters.
要初步估计模具外形尺寸，判断模具能否在所选的注射机上安装和使用。
It is necessary to estimate the shape and size of the mold, and determine whether the mold can be installed and used on the selected injection machine.
5. 具体结构方案
5. concrete structure scheme
（一）确定模具类型
(1) determine the mold type
如压制模（敞开式、半闭合式、闭合式）、铸压模、注射模等。
Such as the pressing die (open, semi closed, closed), casting die, injection mould, etc.
（二）确定模具类型的主要结构
(two) determine the main structure of the mold type
选择理想的模具结构在于确定必需的成型设备，理想的型腔数，在绝对可靠的条件下能使模具本身的工作满足该塑料制件的工艺技术和生产经济的要求。对塑料制件的工艺技术要求是要保证塑料制件的几何形状，表面光洁度和尺寸精度。生产经济要求是要使塑料制件的成本低，生产效率高，模具能连续地工作，使用寿命长，节省劳动力。
The ideal mold structure is to determine the necessary molding equipment, the ideal cavity number, under the condition of absolute reliability, can make the mold itself work to meet the requirements of the plastic parts technology and production economy. The technical requirements for plastic parts are to ensure the geometric shape of the plastic parts, the surface finish and the dimensional accuracy. The demand of production economy is to make the plastic parts low cost, high production efficiency, mould can work continuously, long life and save labor.
